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HYMENOPTERA, Plumariidae (Chrysidoidea) (formerly Bethyloidea) -- <Images> & <Juveniles> Description & Statistics
In this family
the antennae generally have 11 segments each with long setae (Finnamore &
Brothers 1993). The pronotum is
without an anterior protrusion, so that the propleuron is partly
exposed. Sexual dimorphism is
pronounced. The male is macropterous,
the flagellar segments have numerous setae and the pronotum is vertical. Females are wingless, their head
prognathous, flagellar segments have some scattered setae, the pronotum is
horizontal and the mesothorax is separated from the metathorax by a deep
ventro-lateral restriction. These wasps are
distributed arid and semi-arid areas of western South America and southern
Africa. There are ca. 21 species in 4
genera. Adults are black or
brown. Females may be found under
rocks or in traps, but the common males are nocturnal and attracted to
light. There is little biological
data. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = References: Please refer to
<biology.ref.htm>, [Additional references may be found at: MELVYL
Library] Bradley, J.
C. l921a. Some features of the hymenopterous fauna
of South America. Actes SOC. Sci. Chili, 30: 51-74. Bradley, J. C.1921b. Plumarius, an aberrant
genus of Hymenoptera. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11 : 214. Brothers, D.J. 1974. The genera of
Plumariidae, with description of a new genus and species from Argentina
(Hymenoptera: Bethyloidea). Journal of the Entomological Society of
Southern Africa 37: 351-356. Day, M.C. 1977. A new genus of Plumariidae
from Southern Africa, with notes on Scolebythidae (Hymenoptera:
Chrysidoidea). Cimbebasia (A), 4: 171-177. Diez, P.;
Fidalgo, P.; Roig-Alsina, A. 2007. A new genus
and species of Plumariidae (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea) from western xeric
Argentina. Zootaxa, 1467: 35-41.pdf Diez, P.;
Roig-Alsina, A. 2008. A new species of the genus Plumaroides Brothers
(Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea, Plumariidae) from Argentina. Zootaxa, 1676:
45-50.pdf Diez, P.A.
2008. A new species of the genus Plumaroides Brothers (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea,
Plumariidae) from Santiago del Estero, Argentina: male and female
description. Zootaxa, 1891: 25-30. pdf Enderlein, G.
1918. Hymenoptera II: Archihymenidae. Beitr. Landf. Süd-Westafrik., 1: 193-199. Finnamore,
A.T. & D. J. Brothers. 1993. Superfamily Chrysidoidea (pp. 130-160). In
GOULET, H. & HUBER, J. (eds). Hymenoptera of the World: an
identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa,
Canada, 668 pp. Roig-Alsina,
A. 1994. A new genus of Plumariidae, with notes on the relationships among
the genera of the family (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoidea, Plumariidae). Mitteilungen der Muencher Entomologischen Gesellschaft,
84: 91-96. |